Mumbai

When the attackers arrived on the shores of Mumbai last month, they had studied satellite images of the city, were carrying handheld GPS sets and were communicating with their handlers via the Internet and satellite phone.

Many of the Indian police they encountered did not even have walkie-talkies.

The Mumbai gunmen not only overwhelmed security forces with their weaponry and willingness to die, but also with their sophisticated use of technology, security experts said.

After years of being blamed for job losses in the Western world, Indian high-technology companies and outsourcing firms are going through a downturn of their own. The global slowdown is forcing them to reduce hiring, freeze salaries, postpone new investments and lay off thousands of software programmers and call center operators.

While some industry insiders insist the financial crisis will benefit companies here, as Western businesses seek to cut costs by moving jobs overseas, right now the sector is gripped with an unfamiliar sense of uncertainty.